The Philistines' priests invoke Egypt's hardened heart as a cautionary tale, ironically demonstrating how Israel's enemies better remember God's exodus power than Israel itself.
1The LORD’s ark was in the country of the Philistines seven months.
2The Philistines called for the priests and the diviners, saying, “What shall we do with the LORD’s ark? Show us how we should send it to its place.”
3They said, “If you send away the ark of the God of Israel, don’t send it empty; but by all means return a trespass offering to him. Then you will be healed, and it will be known to you why his hand is not removed from you.”
4Then they said, “What should the trespass offering be which we shall return to him?” They said, “Five golden tumors and five golden mice, for the number of the lords of the Philistines; for one plague was on you all, and on your lords.
5Therefore you shall make images of your tumors and images of your mice that mar the land; and you shall give glory to the God of Israel. Perhaps he will release his hand from you, from your gods, and from your land.
6Why then do you harden your hearts as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? When he had worked wonderfully among them, didn’t they let the people go, and they departed?
7“Now therefore take and prepare yourselves a new cart and two milk cows on which there has come no yoke; and tie the cows to the cart, and bring their calves home from them;
8and take the LORD’s ark and lay it on the cart. Put the jewels of gold, which you return him for a trespass offering, in a box by its side; and send it away, that it may go.
9Behold, if it goes up by the way of its own border to Beth Shemesh, then he has done us this great evil; but if not, then we shall know that it is not his hand that struck us. It was a chance that happened to us.”
10The men did so, and took two milk cows and tied them to the cart, and shut up their calves at home.
11They put the LORD’s ark on the cart, and the box with the golden mice and the images of their tumors.
12The cows took the straight way by the way to Beth Shemesh. They went along the highway, lowing as they went, and didn’t turn away to the right hand or to the left; and the lords of the Philistines went after them to the border of Beth Shemesh.
13The people of Beth Shemesh were reaping their wheat harvest in the valley; and they lifted up their eyes and saw the ark, and rejoiced to see it.
14The cart came into the field of Joshua of Beth Shemesh, and stood there, where there was a great stone. Then they split the wood of the cart and offered up the cows for a burnt offering to the LORD.
15The Levites took down the LORD’s ark and the box that was with it, in which the jewels of gold were, and put them on the great stone; and the men of Beth Shemesh offered burnt offerings and sacrificed sacrifices the same day to the LORD.
16When the five lords of the Philistines had seen it, they returned to Ekron the same day.
17These are the golden tumors which the Philistines returned for a trespass offering to the LORD: for Ashdod one, for Gaza one, for Ashkelon one, for Gath one, for Ekron one;
18and the golden mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five lords, both of fortified cities and of country villages, even to the great stone on which they set down the LORD’s ark. That stone remains to this day in the field of Joshua of Beth Shemesh.
19He struck of the men of Beth Shemesh, because they had looked into the LORD’s ark, he struck fifty thousand seventy of the men. Then the people mourned, because the LORD had struck the people with a great slaughter.
20The men of Beth Shemesh said, “Who is able to stand before the LORD, this holy God? To whom shall he go up from us?”
21They sent messengers to the inhabitants of Kiriath Jearim, saying, “The Philistines have brought back the LORD’s ark. Come down and bring it up to yourselves.”
After seven months of divine judgment, the Philistines seek to return the ark of the LORD to Israel, consulting their priests who advise sending it with golden offerings representing their plagues. They devise a test using untrained cows to determine if their suffering truly came from Israel's God, and the cows miraculously head straight to Beth Shemesh. The Israelites joyfully receive the ark and offer sacrifices, while the Philistine lords witness this confirmation of the LORD's power before returning home.
Context
This chapter resolves the crisis begun in chapter 4-5 when the ark was captured, leading to its eventual placement in chapter 7 where Samuel will restore Israel's spiritual leadership.
Key Themes
Outline
The Philistines return the ark to Israel with guilt offerings after seven months, acknowledging God's power and referencing the exodus from Egypt.
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The Philistines' priests invoke Egypt's hardened heart as a cautionary tale, ironically demonstrating how Israel's enemies better remember God's exodus power than Israel itself.
The Philistines' priests invoke Egypt's hardened heart as a cautionary tale, ironically demonstrating how Israel's enemies better remember God's exodus power than Israel itself.
Connected passages across Scripture
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Also Judah took Gaza with its border, and Ashkelon with its border, and Ekron with its border.
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Word-by-word original language
Places and events in this chapter
Israel's miraculous deliverance from Egyptian slavery under Moses' leadership, including the ten plagues and Red Sea crossing. This foundational event established Israel as God's chosen nation.
Philistine priests reference Egypt's hardened heart during the exodus as cautionary example.
The Ark's Return to Israel